THE INTERNET FOR PHYSICAL + ORBITAL AI.
REAL-WORLD DATA. REAL-TIME THROUGHPUT.THE BUTTRESS NETWORK
Physical AI and satellite constellations cannot effectively scale to exabyte-level data volumes on Earth or beyond without ubiquitous infrastructure for downlink, compute, storage, and inference.
BUTTRESS™ is our Mars-grade solution, deployed on Earth. We retrofit existing structures with containerised edge compute (“Relays”) that transform cities into an internet for physical and orbital AI.
Together with BUTTRESS Repeaters and Clouds (MW + GW), these Relays form resilient machine-data networks using laser and RF backhaul.
The waste heat generated by the compute is repurposed into low-cost, low-carbon heating and cooling for buildings, reducing energy costs, operational emissions, and strain on urban power grids.
THE PHYSICAL AI BOTTLENECK [ ON EARTH + BEYOND ]EXPONENTIAL DATA PRODUCTION
HYPER VOLUME:
Exponential gains in sensing, miniaturisation, and compute have unlocked physical AI and hyperspectral Earth observation. Autonomous systems generate between 75x and 14,000x more data than the average internet user per day. At fleet and constellation scale, Earth’s internet and downlink infrastructure break down under sheer volume, and create the unacceptable levels of congestion we’re already seeing. In hostile off-world environments like the Moon and Mars, these constraints make industrialisation extremely difficult.
The immediate bottleneck is the ability to ingest, process, store, and transmit petabyte-scale real-world data.
But volume is only the first bottleneck
AI-DRIVEN HYPER FREQUENCY:
As orbital AI and in-orbit compute scale, satellites will increasingly process data in space, run inference and downlink insights and query responses rather than raw data, mirroring architectures required in bandwidth-constrained environments like Mars.
While positive, this simply creates a new bottleneck: frequency. In time, mission-critical applications on Earth and Mars will require continuous, low-latency data exchange between orbital systems, cities, and autonomous fleets.
BUTTRESS is designed for both regimes: scaling high-volume data movement and processing today, while enabling the high-frequency, real-time data flows required for multi-planetary intelligence.
1-5TB / DAY
4-22TB / DAY
0.3-8TB / DAY
5-55TB / DAY
CITIESautonomous urban economIES ON EARTH AND BEYONd
BUTTRESS is natively urban because cities generate roughly 80% of global GDP and will host the majority of autonomous systems.
As autonomy scales, deployment follows economic gravity. We expect roughly 80% of autonomous vehicles, drones, and robots to operate in and around cities, and 80% of orbital AI demand to originate there—where density, demand, and coordination requirements are highest.
This pattern becomes more extreme off-world. Industrialisation and economic activity will be predominantly autonomous, and human presence—when established—will be dense, urban, and reliant on autonomous systems due to hostile environments and limited labour.
BUTTRESS serves and accelerates Earth’s cities today while generating the data and operational insights required to build and operate a network of cities off-world.
Urban GDP ................ 80%Rural GDP.. 10% Other GDP (Maritime, subsea etc).. 10%EARTH: GDP DISTRIBUTIONEARTH: PHYSICAL AI DISTRIBUTIONUrban GDP ................ 80%Rural GDP.. 10% Other GDP (Maritime, subsea etc).. 10%OFF-WORLD: GDP DISTRIBUTIONUrban GDP .................. 90%Rural GDP0% Other (Planet surface, Subsurface).. 10%OFF-WORLD: PHYSICAL AI DISTRIBUTIONUrban .............. 75%Rural0% Other (Planet surface, Subsurface)...... 25%STATUS QUO | AVAILABLE OPTIONSSLOW, EXPENSIVE, RISKY
Legacy infrastructure was not built for the demands of physical and orbital AI. Each data-offload option constrains fleet scaling and off-world deployment.
GROUND STATIONS✓ Simple
X Slow, Expensive, Congested, Unscalable
X Unavailable off-world
HDD SWAPPING✓ Simple
X Slow, Labour intensive, Expensive, Higher risk of loss + damage
X Poor for consumers
X Impractical off-world
ETHERNET CABLE✓ Secure
X Expensive, high-capacity bandwidth often requires expensive urban sites
X Poor for consumers
X Impractical off-world
LOCAL CELL NETWORK✓ Convenient
X Impractical for consumers
X Doesn’t scale beyond special purpose depots on Earth and does not work without edge compute off-world
■ THERE IS A BETTER WAY
BUTTRESS NETWORK✓ 70-90% Savings (Downlink, Off-Load and Data Egress)
✓ 10-40% Savings (Data Storage, Processing, Inference)
✓ 10X Downlink frequency
✓ No backhaul distance penalties
✓ Frictionless convenience of a cell network
✓ City-scale coverage + Motorways for enterprise and consumer physical AI
✓ Secure end-to-end encrypted, zero-trust infrastructure
✓ Dustproof, practical off-world
✓ RF and laser downlink options available
BUTTRESS NETWORK
HOW IT WORKSBUTTRESS turns cities into a continuous downlink network, enabling downlink every 10–15 minutes into well-located, edge compute and high-capacity fibre. Ideal for rapid insights.
This replaces ~90-minute isolated ground-station passes and eliminates long-haul backhaul latency.
EO + PLANETARY INTELLIGENCE
■ BEFORE: 90 min downlink cadence VIA ISOLATED GROUND STATIONS | SLOWER, HIGH BACKHAUL DISTANCE PENALTIES
■ AFTER: 10-15 MIN DOWNLINK CADENCE VIA BUTTRESS CITY-CHAIN | FAST, NO BACKHAUL DISTANCE PENALTIESBUTTRESS turns cities into a continuous data offload network for commercial and consumer physical AI fleets.
Data is uploaded wherever assets operate—directly into our edge compute nodes—replacing depot-based batching and eliminating operational constraints.
This allows fleets to operate continuously, improve faster, and scale without increasing onboard compute or real estate footprint.
PHYSICAL AI
■ BEFORE: DEPOT DATA-OFFLOAD ONLY | SLOWER, FLEETS MUST SCALE WITH EXPENSIVE REAL ESTATE
■ AFTER: FREQUENT DATA-OFFLOAD ANYWHERE | FASTER, FLEETS SCALE WITHOUT REAL ESTATEPERSISTENT MACHINE state OBSERVABILITY (PINGS)
As the economy becomes increasingly autonomous and AI fleets scale to millions of units across ground, air, and orbit, the pace of machine activity will outstrip human-in-the-loop response. Failures, hacking, spoofing, and anomalous behaviour can propagate faster and more subtly across fleets and constellations than operators or legacy infrastructure (space situational awareness or telecoms) can reliably detect.
In this environment, post-event analysis is insufficient. Autonomous systems require persistent machine-state observability: continuous verification of identity, location, timing, connectivity, and operational state across distributed networks of machines.
BUTTRESS enables ubiquitous and persistent machine-state observability across ground, air, and orbit through high-frequency, low-bandwidth machine-state check-ins (“pings”) relayed across our edge network.
■ AUTONOMOUS ASSETS continuously transmit machine-state DATA VIA PINGS, operators CAN detect cyber-compromise SOONER than WITH optical SSA alone.AI world models require massive multi-modal datasets—primarily 3D, video, and sensor data from the real world—to build internal representations of physical environments and simulate reality. Unlike LLMs, these models depend on high-fidelity spatial and temporal data to understand physics, predict outcomes, and coordinate autonomous systems in dynamic environments.
As physical and orbital AI fleets scale, they recursively generate the real-world data required to improve their own world models.
The companies with the largest physical AI fleets will build the best world-models.
The companies with the best world-models will have the fastest, most cost-effective real-world-data capture to ingestion loops.
BUTTRESS accelerates this loop
AI WORLD MODELS
■ BEFORE: PHYSICAL AI UNITS MUST BE TETHERED VIA ETHERNET, OR STOP WORK TO DOCK AND TRANSMIT SENSOR DATA
■ AFTER: PHYSICAL AI WORKS WITHOUT INTERRUPTION. WIRELESSLY 'BURST' TRANSMITS SENSOR DATA VIA BUTTRESSONE SERVICE DESIGNED FOR
BILLIONS OF ASSETS.
APPLICATIONSNO HARDWARE ADAPTATIONS REQUIRED
■ 01 | EARTH OBSERVATION10X more DATA. 10X CADENCE.
10X constellation productivity with high-volume, high-cadence downlink.
■ 02 | AUTONOMOUS VEHICLESSCALE FLEETS. NO MORE SNEAKER-NET.
Ubiquitous off-load and edge inference for exabyte-scale autonomous fleets.
■ 03 | ROBOTICSSTREAM FLEET INTELLIGENCE.
Scale productive robotic fleets with secure wireless off-load and distributed inference. Reduce onboard compute and battery loads. Air-gapped / on-prem options available.
Distributed networking, positioning, off-load, and inference for autonomous aerial fleets and responsive Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS).
■ 04 | DRONE FLEETS AND COUNTER UASCO-ORDINATE. DEFEND.
■ 05 | AUTONOMOUS DISASTER RESPONSEAUTONOMOUS RESPONSE.
Rapidly deployable compute, and inference networks for autonomous disaster response in degraded environments.
Designed to integrate with expeditionary micro-grid, heating, cooling, and temporary settlement systems for forward operating bases and disaster recovery operations.
■ 06 | ORBITAL DATA CENTRESREAL TIME ORBITAL INTELLIGENCE.
AI-native ground segment for orbital data centres. Enabling hyper-frequent, low-latency querying and inference.
■ 07 | OFF-WORLD INDUSTRIALISATIONOFF-WORLD AUTONOMY AND HEAT.
The ideal companion to SMRs, increasing useful work per watt by simultaneously converting reactor energy into industrial autonomy and recoverable heat for habitats, ISRU, and off-world processes.
TECHNOLOGY THE INTERNET FOR PHYSICAL + ORBITAL AI
PHYSICAL AI REQUIRES PHYSICAL INFRA
BUTTRESS REPEATER
B01 | LASER REPEATER FOR PHYSICAL + ORBITAL AI DATA 
BUTTRESS REPEATER
B01 | LASER REPEATER FOR PHYSICAL + ORBITAL AI DATA LASER BACKHAUL
25 - 100 Gbps laser-first transport with RF fallback for inclement or degraded environments.
500TB EDGE BUFFER
Persistent local storage enables asynchronous offload and delayed transmission.
Deploy Anywhere
Lightweight modular infrastructure designed for rapid deployment and setup.
NETWORKS ON DEMAND
Repeaters are deployed as networks, expanding coverage, redundancy, and throughput as demand grows.
BUTTRESS RELAY
B02 | 40FT | 0.3 MW | DATA RELAY FOR PHYSICAL INTELLIGENCE | MICRO DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING
B02 | 40FT | 0.3 MW | DATA RELAY FOR PHYSICAL INTELLIGENCE | MICRO DISTRICT HEATING & COOLINGBUTTRESS RELAY
2 GWH compute POWER + ENERGY
2 GWh of compute, heating and cooling energy in one box.
Deploy Anywhere
Containerised system designed for rapid deployment and setup.
ScaleS as Needed
Single units or networked systems grow with demand.
30 TONS OF CO2 / YEAR
Each 40ft Relay avoids the emissions equal to 17 homes.
BUTTRESS RELAY SERVICES
ENGINEERED FOR HYPER VOLUME + HYPER FREQUENCY-
BUTTRESS relays receive high-bandwidth optical downlinks directly from satellites and process data at the edge before forwarding only relevant outputs to customer infrastructure. This reduces latency, cloud transport costs, and time-to-insight for Earth observation, ISR, and orbital AI workloads.
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BUTTRESS provides distributed high-frequency RF downlink infrastructure for satellites requiring persistent, low-latency terrestrial access. Local edge processing enables real-time filtering, decoding, compression, and routing of payload data.
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BUTTRESS enables autonomous vehicles, drones, and robots to rapidly off-load large sensor datasets over high-frequency wireless links to nearby relay infrastructure. Data is compressed and processed locally to reduce bandwidth requirements, lower cloud egress costs, and accelerate model training and operational feedback loops.
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BUTTRESS provides low-latency distributed inference infrastructure that allows autonomous systems to dynamically off-load AI workloads to nearby compute nodes. This reduces onboard compute requirements while enabling higher-performance perception, coordination, and swarm-intelligence operations at city scale.
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BUTTRESS enables satellites and autonomous systems to continuously ping the network and transmit real-time machine-state telemetry across ground, air, and orbit. This allows operators to rapidly detect spoofing, interference, cyber compromise, defects, and system degradation before failures propagate across fleets.
BUTTRESS CLOUD-MW
B03 | 20 MW | MODULAR SUBSURFACE COMPUTE CLUSTER | CITY BLOCK DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING■ INTEGRATED DATA CENTRES POWERING PHYSICAL INTELLIGENCE
■ INTEGRATED DATA CENTRES POWERING PHYSICAL INTELLIGENCEBUTTRESS CLOUD-GW
B04 | 1GW | MODULAR SUBSURFACE COMPUTE CAMPUS | CITY SCALE DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING
MODULAR SUBSURFACE COMPUTE CLUSTERS | DISTRICT HEATING & COOLINGBUTTRESS CLOUD
Subsurface AI infrastructure that heats and cools cities above it.
BUTTRESS Clouds are deployed within repeatable TBM-bored subsurface envelopes, creating a modular urban AI cloud architecture designed for both constrained Earth cities and future lunar and Martian settlements. All surplus thermal energy generated by the infrastructure is recovered and supplied to the buildings and public spaces above as district heating and cooling.
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BUTTRESS CLOUD-GW delivers, geographically diverse, gigawatt-scale AI training and inference infrastructure for frontier models, physical AI, autonomous fleets, satellites, and scientific computing.
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BUTTRESS provides geographically distributed inference infrastructure positioned close to autonomous systems operating in real-world environments. This enables physical AI fleets to dynamically augment onboard compute with low-latency edge resources for perception, coordination, telemetry validation, and swarm-intelligence operations.
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BUTTRESS CLOUD enables large-scale simulation, digital twin generation, and synthetic environment creation for autonomous systems operating in complex real-world conditions. This allows operators to generate edge cases, validate behaviours, and accelerate deployment cycles before systems enter live environments.
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BUTTRESS CLOUD provides high-performance GPU infrastructure for training, fine-tuning, and continuously improving multimodal AI systems operating across ground, air, and orbit. The platform is optimized for autonomy workloads including perception, planning, sensor fusion, world models, and reinforcement learning.
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BUTTRESS provides secure operational data infrastructure for retaining machine-state telemetry, system logs, and autonomous event histories to support auditability, incident reconstruction, insurance workflows, and emerging regulatory requirements for physical and orbital AI systems.
CLOUD SERVICES
VERTICAL INTEGRATION + DEPLOYMENT MASS MANUFACTURED FOR SPEED + SCALE
VIA ALIGNED SUPPLY CHAINS 
B05 | PHYSICAL AI MANUFACTURING INFRA FOR PHYSICAL AI | ON EARTH AND BEYONDCONTOUR 01
DEPLOYING SOON
